LIST 27 - 1822 MUSTER - DEUXIEME DIZAINE - NEW SOUTH WALES

 
 
The final muster presented for New South Wales is the 1822 Muster, which 
took place in September of that year. There are 1,422 members of the "Deuxieme 
Dizaine" identified from this muster; 754 males and 668 females, 1,315 
colonial born and 107 childhood arrivals. 
 
The information presented for each entry includes:
 
 family name
 Christian name
 year of birth 
 parents' names 
 parents' civil status at the time of the child's birth
 parents' marital status at the time of the child's birth 
 colonial born or childhood arrival
 age
 occupation/remarks
 place of residence
 surname as it appears in the original muster 
 reference number linking back to the original source document.
 
The list is ordered; firstly alphabetically on the father's surname then 
chronologically on the child's date of birth.
 
The 1822 Muster itself is in alphabetical order - sort of - with children listed 
under a parent in birth order - sort of. The children of one family are bracketed 
together but their parent is not necessarily the entry directly above their 
grouping which can make identifying their true parents difficult at times. 
 
In some cases, a minority of cases regrettably, both the name and the age of 
the child is recorded. In other cases the name is recorded but not the age. 
In rather too many other cases, the age of the child is recorded but not the 
name, then again other family groups record no names and only the age of the 
oldest and youngest child. Depressingly for the historian, in  still other 
cases neither the name nor the age is recorded. Occasionally the remarks column 
will specify 'son of' or 'daughter of', but mostly it is the unhelpful 'child 
of'. 
 
The women have been separated from the men in order to make sense of the 
surnames under which their entries are found in the Muster because many of 
them were already in relationships with men and following the English custom, 
women took their husband's surname upon marriage. 
 
The year of birth and parental details are additional information researched 
for this work and not found in the original Muster. Once again the assistance 
of information contained in the Pioneer Register project was invaluable in 
collecting these details.
 
There were 39 duplicate male entries and 30 duplicate female entries reducing 
the total to 1,353 individual members of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" (715 males 
and 638 females). Ann Elliott managed to be listed three times. Most of 
these duplications occurred where a  young person was employed as a servant 
or apprentice and was recorded at their place of work as well as at their parents 
homes.
 
The family name for each entry must be handled with care. Often the children 
of the marriage are listed under the name of the mother (and her maiden name) 
rather than their father's surname. For example why were two of the children 
of William Baldwin and Elizabeth Carpenter placed under their father's surname 
and the remaining eight under their mother's ?
 
Thomas Petrie is listed under his stepfathers surname of Ward, William Duggan 
under his stepfathers surname of Tarlington and Martha Capon under Rayner. 
In several cases, just to make things even more complicated, the children are 
listed under the surname of their stepmother ! An example would be the 4 children 
of Peter McAlpin, whose mother was Elizabeth Elton but they are listed under 
their stepmother Elizabeth Blake.
 
The case of Ann Upton is somewhat interesting, she is listed under "Burns" 
with P and Jane Burns. Jane was her younger married sister, with whom she was 
no doubt residing at the time of the muster, and was mistakenly recorded under 
her brother-in-law's surname.
 
Following the usual English practice, once a woman married she used her 
husband's surname and this is certainly the case with those listed in this 
Muster with only fourteen married women still using their maiden names. 
 
Eleanor Clarke, even though married to Edward Leonard at the time of the Muster 
is listed under her first married name of Tierney ! Hannah Fitzgerald's husband 
was recorded as being at Newcastle, probably with a colonial sentence, and 
it is unclear if Fitzgerald is her married or maiden name. 
 
The 1822 Muster has a couple of idiosyncrasies in the spelling of Christian names; 
Catherine habitually has the "e" dropped to give Cathrine and Margaret has the 
"a" dropped to give Margret. On the other hand Louisa gains an "e" as in Louiesa.
 
There were 127 members of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" in the muster whose parents 
could not be identified. They can all be found in List 13 "Births from Musters 
and Censae".
 
As has so often been the case in this work, the Pioneer Register project has 
provided many of the missing names where they are not specified in the Muster. 
These entries are identified by an asterix (*) and there are 240 of them 
on the list. The reader should be aware that in some cases a couple had more 
children eligible for inclusion in the muster than spaces listed, in these cases 
generally the youngest children were selected.
 
The 'status' of the entries are either BC - colonial born or CF - came free. 
1,261 were colonial born, 121 came free. In passing it might be noted that 
the original muster lists the name of the ship of arrival for the 'came free' 
but not the year, which can lead to problems with ships which called at the 
colony more than once.
 
Thomas Cowper is shown as arriving on the 'Anne' instead of the 'Indispensible'. 
Henry Hancy's ship is mistakenly written as 'Minerva' instead of 'Minorca'. 
William Cox records his second arrival on the 'Windham' instead of his 
first on the 'Experiment'. Likewise Matthew Gibbons records his second arrival 
on the 'Saracen' rather than the first on the 'Minorca'. Mary Longford is 
shown with her second arrival in the colony on board the 'Mariner' rather 
than her first arrival on board the 'Minorca'. John Pearce is listed as 
arriving in 1801 and Henry Fowler in 1804 but both regrettably with no ship 
specified. 
 
Thomas Anderson, Isabella Birt(Byrne), John Hall, Thomas Hancy, Thomas 
O'Donnell, Clara Pearce(Palmer), Frances & Sarah Phillips, Charlotte 
Shaunghessy(Earle), William Shelley are all recorded as colonial born when 
they arrived free (admittedly as young babies). Ann Simpson(Thornley) is 
mistakenly recorded as colonial born when in fact she arrived as a convict.
 
Joseph Smith's parents have not been identified, but as his mother arrived 
as a convict on board 'Canada' in 1810, if he was 15 years old it is hard to 
see how he could be colonial born.
 
The following had no ship recorded; John Hillas, Mary Jonquill, Margaret 
McCarthy, Catherine Wilson.
 
William Cowper is incorrectly listed as CF on the 'Indispensible' when in fact 
he was colonial born. 
 
James & William Blackman and George Dale all are mistakenly recorded as 
convicts.
 
A little over half (745) the entries have their age recorded in the Muster. 
With regard to the age recorded in the 'age' column it will be noticed in some 
cases it does not correspond to the year of birth. In these cases this may 
be an error in recording on the part of the muster clerks or their parents 
may not have been numerate or it may be that the wrong child has been selected 
from the Pioneer Register records. Theoretically in this muster the ages of 
the colonial born "Deuxieme Dizaine" should range from 12 to 22 but 19 are 
listed with ages less than 10 (George Moore is recorded as being 2) and Mary 
Griffiths, William Merrick and Rosetta Pearson have ages greater than 22.
 
The possibilities for 'places of residence' would appear to be much restricted 
when compared to for example the 1828 Census, only eleven place names have 
been used. 
 
 Table 27.1. - Place of Residence
 
 Place No.
 -----------------------
 Appin  26
 Argyle 9
 Bathurst 10
 Evan 1
 Liverpool 159
 Newcastle 10
 Parramatta 228
 Port Macquarie 2
 Rooty Hill 3
 Sydney 530
 Windsor 434
 
Windsor, Sydney, Parramatta & Liverpool account for over 96%.These 
descriptions should perhaps be taken as regions rather than referring to a 
specific town.
 
Thirteen people did not record their place of residence.
 
In 1822 there existed in the settlement two further places of secondary penal 
punishment for offences committed in the colony; Newcastle and Port Macquarie. 
Sadly the two Peck brothers, Joshua and Thomas obviously got into trouble with 
their father and found themselves with colonial sentences in Newcastle, as did 
Thomas Crahan and Joseph Cunningham. Likewise Benjamin Risby found himself 
with a colonial life sentence at Port Macquarie.
 
Even sadder to report is that four females were in government employment 
at Newcastle with colonial sentences; Ann Kennedy, Anne Poore, Mary Smith 
and Mary Stevens.
 
Mary Griffiths was record as a convict but there is a possibility it may be 
a clerical error especially since she is listed as assigned to Sir John 
Jamieson whom she later married. 
 
In terms of new information about the "Deuxieme Dizaine", the 
'occupation/remarks' column is the most interesting, especially since by 1822 
the oldest of them would have been 22 years old, giving one a glimpse into 
the nature of their adult lives. On the other hand the youngest were only 12 
years old, so it is not surprising that only 234 (32%) have their occupation 
recorded and 59 (25%) of these are apprentices. One would like to think that 
the remainder were schoolboys but given the lack of educational facilities 
in the colony at the time, sadly this is probably not the case. The range of 
occupations were as follows:
 
 Table 27.2. - Male Occupations
 
 Occupation No.
 --------------------------
 apprentice 59
 blacksmith 2
 boatbuilder 1
 botanist 1
 cabinet maker 1
 clerk 4
  constable 3
 cooper 1
 employed by 27
 farmer 1
 harness maker 1
 hatter 1
 housekeeper 1
 labourer 26
 landholder 72
 merchant 1
 nailer 1
 overseer 1
 pasturer  1
 publican 1
 servant 16
 settler 2 
 shingle splitter 1
 shoemaker 2
 stonemason  1
 storekeeper 1 
 tanner & currier 1
 wheelwright 5
 
William Merrick was a constable as well as a landholder whilst Archibald and 
William Bell were both Justices of the Peace as well as landholders.
 
It will be noted that 76 of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" were in rural pursuits; 
landholders, farmers, settlers, pasturer. No doubt many of those who did not 
record their occupations would have been similarly engaged. The extent of 
land ownership amongst the "Deuxieme Dizaine" , which shall be discussed 
more fully below, should be noted.
 
It is pleasing to see how many boys were in apprentiships, leading to 
future employment as tradesmen, even if as noted above this led to many duplicate 
entries.
 
Twenty seven boys were recorded as being "employed by" someone or other but 
one is none the wiser as to what that employment may have involved.
 
Some of those with more noteworthy occupations include Charles Gordon who 
was a botanist and Thomas Underwood who at a young age was already a merchant. 
Henry Elph is recorded as an housekeeper which is unusual because this was 
usually a female occupation.
 
Interesting 'remarks' include David Broadarrow as being adopted by William 
Davis and Thomas Johnson who was in the asylum unfortunately.
 
The miserable reprobates who had colonial sentences have already been noted 
above. To which can be added Thomas Douglas who was in goal awaiting trial.
 
In this time and era, virtually the only occupation available for a woman was 
that of wife and mother, and already by the time of the 1822 Muster 210 of 
the women on the list were married and another widowed - Elizabeth Bain(Tyne).
 
Mary Nowland is mysteriously listed as the wife of J Mein.
 
Four women; Margaret Donnelly, Charlotte Gulledge, Mary Harmsworth 
and Sophia Priestly are recorded as "living with" a man but it is not clear 
if this means in a defacto relationship or just boarding there.
 
Once a woman married she gave up work outside her home and family. The 
only exceptions being; Mary Lee, who even though married to William Ralph, 
was employed in some capacity by Mr Meehan and Mary Jonquill, recorded twice, 
once under her maiden name as a housekeeper and secondly under her married name 
as the wife of Michael Dodd. Rosetta Pearson, who is also recorded twice in 
the muster, is listed both as the wife and servant of Edward Devine !
 
Many of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" girls were still too young to be married but 
old enough to be employed in one capacity or another. The occupations engaged 
in by the unmarried women and girls are as listed in the table below:
 
 Table 27.3. - Female Occupations
 
 Occupation No.
 --------------------------
 employed by 21
 hospital 1
 householder 1
 housekeeper 11
 mantua maker 1
 servant 56
 
Like the men 21 girls were recorded as being "employed by" someone or 
other but one is none the wiser as to what that employment may have involved.
 
Ann Simpson was a "householder" but whether this is different from a 
"housekeeper" is hard to say.
 
The most common occupation for the girls before marriage was that of servant 
and as noted above this led to many duplicate entries.
 
Of interest is the case of Mary Ann, even though the daughter of John Piper, 
one of the wealthiest men in the colony, at the time was working as a servant 
- the unhappy fate of bastard children one supposes.
 
It is so sad to see so many of the children described as orphans, 22 boys and 
11 girls, it is even sadder to think that many of them remain 'orphans' in 
the historical sense because their parents have not been identified at this 
time. In spite of all this, one can only hope that they went on to have 
happy, if obscure, lives. The female orphanage was in Parramatta and the 
clerks their tended to not even record the age of the girls. The male orphanage 
was in Sydney and the clerks were more diligent in at least recording ages. 
The oldest children in these institutions were 14 so presumably after 
this age they were let out to fend for themselves.
 
In a time and era when such things mattered seven of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" women 
were given an honorific; Frances Bayly, Hannah & Janet Johnston, Mary & 
Sarah Marsden as 'Miss', Mary Ikin(Longford), Sarah Cooley(Wood) as 
'Mrs'.
 
The 1822 Muster has a second part called the "Land and Stock Muster of 
New South Wales 1822". As the name suggests, it is a record of all the 
landholders in the colony, listing the total number of acres each person 
holds, how the land was obtained (grant or purchase), the number of acres 
under cultivation and what type of crops are grown (wheat, maze, barley, pease, 
beans, potatoes, fruit) as well as the number of stock held and their types 
(horses, cattle, sheep, hogs). 
 
Men appearing in this second list have a reference number starting with 
"B" which has been added to their "remarks column" details. Only the total number 
of acres held is recorded in this list but the reader is directed to the original 
entry for more complete information about the agricultural activities of their 
person of interest.
 
Of the 72 names in the first section of the muster who are listed as "landholders" 
only 43 are to be found in the second section as actually owning any acres, 
along with "farmer" Owen Byrne and "pasturer" Thomas Vandercom. The 
significance of this is hard to fathom, perhaps they were sharing land with 
their fathers. Given the young age of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" at this time 
it is a wonder that there were any landholders at all. 
 
The largest landholders were James Arndell with 1,500 acres and William Cox 
with 1,300. The smallest were Thomas Petrie(Ward) with 6 and Robert Martin 
with just 5 acres.
 
The reader cannot help but notice how many of the "Deuxieme Dizaine" were 
either landowners, tradesmen or on their way be becoming tradesmen with 
relatively few in the lowly ranks as unskilled labourers. The colony truely 
was proving to be the land of opportunity !
 
Finally the following table lists 19 married women whose maiden names at this 
time have not been determined. In the case of Captain Campbell, the maiden 
and Christian names of his wife are not known, and not knowing the Christian 
name of Captain Campbell makes the task of identifying his marriage even harder.
 
 Table 27.4 - Wives Surname Unknown
 
Name Status Spouse Location Name in Muster Ref. 
No.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mary BC John Bowen Sydney  BOWEN A01777
Mary BC W Brown Windsor BROWN A02371
Charlotte BC Samuel Brownett Sydney BROWNETT A02466
Mary BC James Butler Windsor BUTLER A02935
Frances CF Peter Byrne Windsor BURNS A02809
 BC Capt Campbell Sydney CAMPBELL Mrs A03191
Elizabeth BC Benjamin Carver Windsor CARVER A03480 
Mary  BC William Clarke Windsor CLARKE A03866 
Ann 1803 BC 19 J Clements Windsor CLEMENTS A04005 
Sarah BC Thomas Darden Paramatta DARDEN A05340
Martha BC Thomas Freeman Sydney FREEMAN A07675 
Catherine BC John Hogan Windsor HOGAN A10217 
Mary BC William Humphries Sydney HUMPHRIES A10811 
Elizabeth 1804 BC 18  W Lewis Windsor LEWIS A12861 
Jane 1807 BC 15 John Lindsey Windsor LINDSAY A12952 
Hannah BC Matthew Mucklow Parramatta MUCKLOW A15293 
Mary BC Richard Sommers Sydney SOMMERS A19915 
Mary BC George Stone Sydney STONE A20230 
Ann BC T Turner Sydney TURNER A21368 
Elizabeth BC Thomas Woodward Sydney WOODWARD A23259 
 

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